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    ospf 區(qū)域分類詳細(xì)

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2022-07-26 文章來源:xp下載站 瀏覽:

    網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)是從1990年代中期發(fā)展起來的新技術(shù),它把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上分散的資源融為有機(jī)整體,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的全面共享和有機(jī)協(xié)作,使人們能夠透明地使用資源的整體能力并按需獲取信息。資源包括高性能計(jì)算機(jī)、存儲(chǔ)資源、數(shù)據(jù)資源、信息資源、知識(shí)資源、專家資源、大型數(shù)據(jù)庫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、傳感器等。 當(dāng)前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只限于信息共享,網(wǎng)絡(luò)則被認(rèn)為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的第三階段。

      我們知道ospf中有幾種區(qū)域類型:stub ,totally stub ,nssa ,totally nssa.

      下面分別講一下各種區(qū)域類型對(duì)路由的改變,實(shí)驗(yàn)圖如下:

    ospf 區(qū)域類型詳細(xì) 三聯(lián)

      按如圖配置好相關(guān)接口和參數(shù),配置好后,查看R6路由如下:

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0

      配置R3及R6 area 3 為stub區(qū)域:

      配置命令為:

      R3(config-router)#area 3 stub

      R6(config-router)#area 3 stub

      修改完成后,R6路由如下:

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

      C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

      由此可知stub區(qū)域不接收任何外部路由,用一條默認(rèn)路由替代所有外部路由。

      先在R4上查看路由表:

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      在R4和R1上運(yùn)行以下命令:

      R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

      R4(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

      再次查看路由表:

      C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

      C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

      O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0

      由此可知nssa totally 區(qū)域去掉所區(qū)域間和外部路由

      先來查看一下R5路由表:

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:07, FastEthernet0/0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

      O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

      在R2和R5上運(yùn)行如下命令:

      R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa

      R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

      這時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有默認(rèn)路由,需運(yùn)行以下命令:

      R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate

      這時(shí)R5路由如下:

      O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

      O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

      3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

      C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

      6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

      O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

      O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0


    網(wǎng)絡(luò)的神奇作用吸引著越來越多的用戶加入其中,正因如此,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的承受能力也面臨著越來越嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)―從硬件上、軟件上、所用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上......,各項(xiàng)技術(shù)都需要適時(shí)應(yīng)勢(shì),對(duì)應(yīng)發(fā)展,這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)迅速走向進(jìn)步的催化劑。

    本文章關(guān)鍵詞: ospf 區(qū)域 類型 詳細(xì) 
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